Recently, OSHA launched a high-profile effort to address its permissible exposure levels (PELs) for chemicals in the workplace.  OSHA last attempted to update its PELs – which are over four decades old – via a rulemaking in 1989. But that effort failed after the Eleventh Circuit struck it down. This time, rather than initiating a rulemaking to lawfully update its standards, OSHA published “recommended” exposure levels on its website which are more stringent than their corresponding PELs.